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black rhinoceros
The black rhinoceros or hook-lipped rhinoceros (''Diceros bicornis'') is a species of rhinoceros, native to eastern and central Africa including Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Angola. Although the rhinoceros is referred to as ''black'', its colors vary from brown to grey.
The other African rhinoceros is the white rhinoceros (''Ceratotherium simum''). The word "white" in the name "white rhinoceros" is often said to be a misinterpretation of the Afrikaans word ''wyd'' (Dutch ''wijd'') meaning wide, referring to its square upper lip, as opposed to the pointed or hooked lip of the black rhinoceros. These species are now sometimes referred to as the square-lipped (for white) or hook-lipped (for black) rhinoceros.〔(White rhinoceros ), Animal Corner〕
The species overall is classified as critically endangered, and three subspecies, one including the western black rhinoceros, were declared extinct by the IUCN in 2011.〔〔Knight, Matthew (2011-11-10) (Western black rhino declared extinct ). Us.cnn.com.〕
==Taxonomy==
The species was first named ''Rhinoceros bicornis'' by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ''Systema naturae'' in 1758. The name means "double-horned rhinoceros". There is some confusion about what exactly Linnaeus conceived under this name as this species was probably based upon the skull of a single-horned Indian rhinoceros (''Rhinoceros unicornis''), with a second horn artificially added by the collector. Such a skull is known to have existed and Linnaeus even mentioned India as origin of this species. However he also referred to reports from early travellers about a double-horned rhino in Africa and when it emerged that there is only one, single-horned species of rhino in India, ''"Rhinoceros" bicornis'' was used to refer to the African rhinos (the white rhino only became recognised in 1812). In 1911 this was formally fixed and the Cape of Good Hope officially declared the type locality of the species.〔 (Biostor ).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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